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        <h1>xmake 自定义构建规则的使用</h1>
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                <i class="fa fa-calendar"></i>2017-11-13
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        <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
        <p>在2.1.9版本之后，xmake不仅原生内置支持多种语言文件的构建，而且还可以通过自定义构建规则，让用户自己来实现复杂的未知文件构建。</p>

<p>具体使用介绍，可参考相关文档：<a href="http://xmake.io/#/zh/manual?id=%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99">rule规则使用手册</a></p>

<h4 id="通用规则">通用规则</h4>

<p>我们可以通过预先设置规则支持的文件后缀，来扩展其他文件的构建支持：</p>

<div class="language-lua highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">-- 定义一个markdown文件的构建规则</span>
<span class="n">rule</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"markdown"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">set_extensions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">".md"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">".markdown"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">on_build</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">targetdir</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">..</span> <span class="s2">".html"</span><span class="p">))</span>
    <span class="k">end</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="n">target</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"test"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">set_kind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"binary"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    
    <span class="c1">-- 使test目标支持markdown文件的构建规则</span>
    <span class="n">add_rules</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"markdown"</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="c1">-- 添加markdown文件的构建</span>
    <span class="n">add_files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"src/*.md"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">add_files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"src/*.markdown"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre>
</div>

<p>我们也可以指定某些零散的其他文件作为markdown规则来处理：</p>

<div class="language-lua highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"test"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="c1">-- ...</span>
    <span class="n">add_files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"src/test/*.md.in"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">rule</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"markdown"</span><span class="p">})</span>
</code></pre>
</div>

<p>注：通过<code class="highlighter-rouge">add_files("*.md", {rule = "markdown"})</code>方式指定的规则，优先级高于<code class="highlighter-rouge">add_rules("markdown")</code>设置的规则。</p>

<h4 id="依赖构建">依赖构建</h4>

<p>我们还可以实现规则的级联构建，例如在构建man规则后，继续调用markdown规则，实现级联构建：</p>

<div class="language-lua highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">rule</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"man"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">add_imports</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"core.project.rule"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">on_build</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">rule</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">build</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"markdown"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="k">end</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre>
</div>

<p>其中<code class="highlighter-rouge">add_imports</code>用于预先导入扩展模块，可在多个自定义脚本中直接使用，具体说明见：<a href="http://xmake.io/#/zh/manual?id=targetadd_imports">add_imports文档</a></p>

<h4 id="多文件构建">多文件构建</h4>

<p>对于有些文件，需要支持多文件构建生成单一对象的模式，可以通过<code class="highlighter-rouge">on_build_all</code>来实现：</p>

<div class="language-lua highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">rule</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"man"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">on_build_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sourcefiles</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="c1">-- build some source files</span>
        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sourcefile</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="nb">ipairs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourcefiles</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">do</span>
            <span class="c1">-- ...</span>
        <span class="k">end</span>
    <span class="k">end</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="n">target</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"test"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="c1">-- ...</span>
    <span class="n">add_files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"src/test/*.doc.in"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">rule</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"man"</span><span class="p">})</span>
</code></pre>
</div>

<h4 id="清理和安装">清理和安装</h4>

<p>我们可以通过<code class="highlighter-rouge">on_clean</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">on_install</code>用于实现自定义规则的清理和安装逻辑，每次处理一个源文件，例如：</p>

<div class="language-lua highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">rule</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"markdown"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">on_build</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">targetdir</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">..</span> <span class="s2">".html"</span><span class="p">))</span>
    <span class="k">end</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">on_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">targetdir</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">..</span> <span class="s2">".html"</span><span class="p">))</span>
    <span class="k">end</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">on_install</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">import</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"core.base.option"</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">targetdir</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sourcefile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">..</span> <span class="s2">".html"</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">option</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"outputdir"</span><span class="p">))</span>
    <span class="k">end</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre>
</div>

<p>最后附上一个完整例子，请供参考：<a href="https://github.com/xmake-io/xmake/issues/149">rule使用例子</a></p>

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        <p><strong>上一篇</strong> <a href="/cn/2017/11/08/update-v2.1.8/">xmake v2.1.8版本发布，改进对IDE和编辑器插件的支持</a></p>
        
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        <p><strong>下一篇</strong> <a href="/cn/2018/02/03/update-v2.1.9/">xmake v2.1.9版本发布，增加可视化图形菜单配置</a></p>
        
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